Copra

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Dried sections of the meat of the coconut, the kernel of the fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). Copra is valued for the coconut oil extracted from it and for the resulting residue, coconut-oil cake, which is used mostly for livestock feed

ICC QUALITY STANDARD FOR COPRA

1. Scope
    This Standard applies for copra.


2. References
    - SNI (Indonesia National Standard) 01-3946-1995
    - PNS (Philippine National Standard)/BAFPS
    - MS (Malaysian Standard) 235:1986
    - TIS (Thailand Coconut Industrial Standard) 269-1978

3. Description
    3.1. Definition Copra is the dried kernel of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) by sun drying, direct drying (smoking), kiln drying, or other drying methods.
    3.2. Classification
           Copra is classified into 4 grades:
           3.2.1. Grade A (Superior - edible Copra)
           3.2.2. Grade B (Good quality- export)
           3.2.3. Grade C (Fair quality)
           3.2.4. Grade D (Non-standard)

4. Essential Composition and Quality Factors of Copra

Parameter Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D
Moisture (%) Max 6 Max 8 Max 13.90 more than 13.90
Oil (%) Min 60 Min 58 Min 55 less than 55
Free Fatty Acid (%) Max 1 Max 4 Max 5 more than 5
Color of Meat Clean, white to pale yellow Brown to dark brown Brown to dark brown Dark brown to black
Aflatoxin related Mould (ppb) 0 Max 10 Max 15 more than 15
Foreign Matters (%) Max 0.5 Max 1 Max 2 more than 2
Wrinkled/Inferior Kernel (%) 0 Max 10 Max 15 more than 15


5. Food Additives
    None permitted

6. Hygiene
    It is recommended that the product covered by the provisions of this standard shall be in accordance with the appropriate sections of the General  Principles of Food Hygiene recommended by the CODEX Alimentarius Commission (CAC/RCP 1-1969, Rev. 4-2003).


7. Labelling and Packaging
    It is recommended that the process of labelling and packaging of the product covered by the provisions of this standard shall be in accordance with the      appropriate sections of the General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods (CODEX STAN 1 – 1985, Rev. 6 - 2008).

8. Methods of Analysis and Sampling
    8.1. Moisture content : Gravimetry
    8.2. Oil content : Soxhlet extraction
    8.3. Free fatty acid content : Titrimetry
    8.4. Foreign matters, mould, wrinkles and color of meat: Visual

 

  1. Good for heart disease
    The quantity of coconut oil found in copra flesh can enhance beneficial HDL cholesterol and lower harmful LDL cholesterol in the body, consequently decreasing the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases.
  2. Good for diabetes
    Due to its insoluble fiber, copra becomes a food that enhances fullness and aids in successful weight management. Furthermore, the MCT fat present in copra assists in the burning of calories and body fat.
  3. Helps digestive system
    The fiber in the copra contributes to an increase in the amount of stool, helping to eliminate waste products more quickly, thereby supporting intestinal regulation and keeping the digestive system healthy.
  4. Stabilizing blood glucose
    Elements present in copra not only lower blood sugar levels but also alter the properties of gut microorganisms, aiding the body in better blood sugar regulation. Furthermore, incorporating copra into one's diet has demonstrated effects on the body weight of individuals with normal health.
  5. Boost immunity
    Copra, rich in antioxidants and the mineral manganese, fortifies the immune system and notably diminishes inflammation. Moreover, the MCT fat within coconut meat displays potent antifungal, antiviral properties, effectively combating various cancer cells, including those related to bowel, skin, and breast cancers.
  6. Aids brain function
    The medium-chain triglycerides in coconut oil, also known as copra, provide an alternative glucose source, aiding individuals with memory impairment or brain function issues, often associated with Alzheimer's disease

Source : https://cocohitech.com/top-amazing-uses-of-coconut-copra/

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Coir pith is a by-product of the coir fibre processing industry. Accumulation of coir pith leads to an environmental concern and its management is a major problem with all coir industrialists. Therefore biodegradation of coir pith is an essential requirement to control pollution. Coir pith is a potential wealth and... read more

Azolla & Soya Hulls-Substitutes for Urea in Coir Pith Composting Using Pleurotus Sajor Caju

Bio composting process is the available means of converting various organic wastes generated from the industry and the agricultural sectors into beneficial products such as biofertilizers and as a soil conditioners. The unique feature of these agricultural wastes are their organic content, pH, and high C: N ratio. Coir pith... read more

Quantitative Evaluation of the Production of Ligninolytic Enzymes- Lignin Peroxidase and Manganese Peroxidase by P. Sajor Caju During Coir Pith Composting

Coir is the natural hard fruit fibre extracted from the exocarp of the coconut. The fibre has over 40 percent lignin and is spun into yarn and rope. Coir is used globally for manufacturing floor coverings as home furnishing. The Coir Industry enjoys the status as the largest cottage industry... read more

PROSPECTS FOR THE EXPANSION OF THE WORLD MARKER FOR DESICCATED COCONUT

The world market for desiccated coconut (DC) is examined within a supply and demand framework. Production and marketing arrange­ments within DC producing countries are analysed, in addition to consumption trends in the major DC markets of Europe and North America. The prospects for expanding the DC market are then considered,... read more

PHYSICOCHEMICAL, FUNCTIONAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM DESICCATED COCONUT

Coconut protein (CNP) was extracted from desiccated coconut in 1.0 M sodium chloride (1:15), precipitated by HCI, ultra filtered, and freeze‑dried. The physicochemical, functional, and sensory characteristics of the material were compared with those of soy protein. The composition and chemical analyses included measurements of protein, fat, moisture, carbohydrate, ash,... read more

The Succes Story Of Thailand's Exportation Of Coconut Milk

C anned Coconut milk has been available worldwide for more than twenty years. According to the information from the United States, the Philippines was the first country which exports canned coconut milk for Philippine consumption in the U.S. Perhaps at that time, most consumers were Philippine, as Thai, Laotian, and... read more

Coconut Milk, Healthy If Consumed In Moderation

It is often said that curries cooked with coconut milk are bad for health. New research, however, a vital ingredient in the traditional cuisine of Southeast Asia, can be part of a healthy diet when consumed in moderation as it does have positive functions, according to French nutritional biochemist Professor... read more

Advanced Processing Technologies For Coconut Milk, Coconut Cream , Coconut Mlik Powder And VCO

Coconut milk based industries are becoming more attractive to local entrepreneurs andgrowth of export volumes are evident as per Coconut Development Authority records. Sri Lankan entrepreneurs export Coconut Cream. Coconut Milk & coconut milk powder as coconut milk base productsfor worldwide distribution. Most volumes are industrial bulks which are sentto... read more

Importers/Consumers Requirements And Market Potential Of DC And Coconut Milk/Cream Products

Importers and consumers requirements in general are the minimum standards which must be adhered to, by the manufacturer of coconut food products, to meet legal requirements and consumer demands. The success of the processing industry’s operation depends on the extend to which the product responds to consumer needs.

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Small Scale Production Of Pasteurized Coconut Milk

As a major coconut producing country Indonesia has a large area under coconut. Based on the 2003 Statistics the total coconut area was 3,882,556 hectares with the total production of 3,229,251 tons. To obtain higher benefits from coconut products, product diversification and value addition need to be implemented.

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FRESH AND PRESERVED COCONUT MILK

This article was written with two goals. The first is to show that coconut milk is an important product, at least to those in­ volved in the production of coconuts. The second is to suggest how the market for preserved coconut milk might be expanded.

 

We will first review... read more

Preparation and Quality Assessment of Yoghurt Prepared from Dairy Milk and Coconut (Cocos nucifera, L) Milk

Yoghurt was produced using dairy and coconut milk. Five variants of yoghurt namely plain dairy and coconut yoghurt (variant I), dairy and coconut yoghurt with natural grape pulp (variant II), dairy and coconut yoghurt with synthetic grape flavour (variant III), dairy and coconut yoghurt with natural pineapple pulp (variant IV)... read more

THREE IMPROVED METHODS FOR COCONUT OIL EXTRACTION

Three methods for coconut oil extration using acetic acid, baker's yeast, and mixed enzymes were investigated. Coconut milk was allowed to settle for two hours; for cream separation. When the cream reacted with 25 % acetic acid at 0.l % ‑ 0.4 % levels or baker's yeast at 0.5 ‑... read more

HEALTH HAZARDS OF COCONUT OIL A MYTH OR REALITY?

Coconut oil which forms about 4.9 per cent of the world production of oils and fats, assumes much importance among the common vegetable oils in the world. But the alleged atherogenicity of coconut oibdue to its highly saturated nature hinders coconut oil from having a top position in the world... read more

PRODUCTION OF COCONUT OIL DIRECTLY FROM FRESH COCONUT MEAT USING THE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY: A "NEW OIL PROCESS"

In several, areas, in Sri Lanka the use of pits for making coconut shell charcoal is restricted or not permitted due to environmental damage or the proximity of human habitation. In addition approxima­tely 50% of the gross heat content of the shells is lost to the surroundings during the process.... read more

Fortification of coconut oil with sesame oil through micro expeller extraction process

Value addition to coconut oil is highly desirable in order to increase the range of coconut products. A study was conducted to formulate palatable coconut oil (CNO) blends enriched with essential fatty acid (EFA) using sesame seed as the supplementary source of EFA. For this purpose, micro-expelling process was employed... read more

Quality of Coconut Oil using Fruit of Dwarf Coconut

The purpose of this research was to study processing of coconut oil which focused on evaluation of the quality of oil by using fruit of several Dwarf coconut as raw materials. The varieties used were Salak Green Dwarf (SGD), Raja Brown Dwarf (RBD) and Bali Yellow Dwarf (BYD). The oil... read more

Distinguishing Coconut Oil from Coconut Paring Oil using Principle Component Analysis of Fatty Acid Data

A study was carried out to distinguish coconut oil from coconut pairing oil by the application of principal component analysis (PCA) to fatty acid compositional and iodine value data. Five samples of ordinary coconut oil extracted from five different batches of copra and five samples of coconut pairing oil obtained... read more

Clinical Studies In Sri Lanka Relating To Consumption Of Coconut Oil

Senadheera quoting a work by Nicholas and Paranavitharana states that in Sri Lanka, coconut groves are mentioned in early inscriptions as well as in literary works dating to about the 2nd century AD and that its nuts were eaten when tender (1). Robert Knox in the 17th Century wrote– “Coconut... read more

Protect and restore your vision with coconut oil

Vivian was diagnosed with diabetes 20 years ago at the age of 58. "To be quite honest," says Vivian, "when I was first diagnosed I don’t really remember what I was told. I think I was so shocked to realize I was falling prey to diabetes, a disease I thought... read more

Health Benefit Of Coconut Oil

The health and nutritional benefits from consuming coconut oil have been recognized in many parts of the world for centuries. In India, coconut tree has been considered from time immemorial as “Kalpavriksha”, literally meaning “a tree that bestows all boons”.

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The Complete Coconut Oil Handbook

The coconut tree is one of the most versatile plants in existence. Whilst we are all familiar with the coconut as a food source not many of us know the myriad of other benefits the coconut holds. In many countries coconut husks are woven into fabrics for mats, insulation and... read more

Solomon Islands Organically Certified Virgin Coconut Oil For The Nation And The World

Many tropical nations have strrugled to fully achieve their potential in the global economy. This situation  was particularly acute in the solomon islands after the civil strife caused the collapse of almost all domestic and international markets snd most central and provincisl goverment services.

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Overview Of Coconut Production And Trade Performance Of Coconut Oil And Virgin Coconut Oil In 2006

The world coconut area in 2005 was about 12.50 million ha, which is slightly up by a rate of 0.2% when compared to the previous year's figure. The total production was 1 1.72 million MT copra equivalent, which also increased by 2.47% over last year. The APCC member countries occupied... read more

Farm Level Processing Of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) And Its Economic Implications

Indonesia with 3.7 million ha. area under coconuts has about 18.5 million coconut farmers whose livelihood are dependent on coconut plantation. Copra is still the main commodity produced from coconuts. If each farmer family has 1.0 ha producing 1 ton copra/ha/year, the annual net income of the family will be... read more

An Interview With Mr. Paulo P. Mamangun Jr., President, Philippines Virgin Coconut Oil Association, Philippines

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) industry in the Philippines is quite vibrant. It is interesting to know about the industry with a view to desseminate the information for other coconut producing countries. Muhartoyo, Documentalist, Asian and Pacific Coconut Community, and Managing Editor, COCOINFO INTERNATIONAL has successfully interviewed Mr. Paulo P. Mamangun... read more

Intermediate Moisture Content (IMC) Technology For Producing Small Scale Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)

Recently Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has been well known as a special premium product from coconut, even in the country where coconut tree cannot grow like in the USA or European countries. Compared to ordinary coconut oil, VCO has more nutritive values which are important for maintaining our healthy life.

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Autism Reversed With Virgin Coconut Oil

Autism is a developmental disability that affects how the brain functions, especially in those areas of the brain that control social ability and communication skills. Boys are most likely to develop autism, and most children are diagnosed before the age of three.

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Virgin Coconut Oil Natural Viagra

Apart from keeping cholesterol levels under control, three spoonfuls of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) a day may enhance a person’s sex life, findings of a research study showed. “Hindi lang pang-gata, pang-sex pa (Coconut meat extract is not only for cooking but also for sex)”, Agriculture Secretary Proceso Alcala quipped... read more

Virgin Coconut Oil Hailed As Cure For Alzheimer’s

After previous claims as an antiseptic, AIDS cure, anti-infective, cholesterolbasher, and remedy for various aches and pains, coconut oil is now being hailed as a possible miracle cure for Alzheimer’s.

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Organic Cerfitication Of Coconut Farms And Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) In North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Em ire. mental issues and health conscious communities around the globe have encouraged the practice of organic farming. Environmental disasters such as heavy metal pollution in Minamata Bay, Japan, posed serious health problems. Excessive uses of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers as well as chemicals for livestock breeding and agricultural farming... read more

The Health Benefits Of Virgin Coconut Oil

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a saturated fatty acid (92%) which has a unique structure, i.e. 64% of which is Medium Chain Saturated Fatty Acid (MCSFA) consisting of 50% lauric acid (Cl2), 6-7% capric acid (CIO), and 8% caprylic acid (C8). As most fatty acids of the VCO are saturated,... read more

Technological Innovation In The Manufacturing Of High Quality Virgin Coconut Oil In Thailand

Thai people have been using coconut oil for food, cosmetics and medicine from time immemorial. Traditionally, coconut oil (CNO) was produced at the household level by two distinct processes, viz. frying o f copra and fermentation o f coconut, milk obtained from fresh coconut meat. A serious setback was instigated... read more

Technical Updates On The Processing Of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), Coconut Flour, And Coconut Water

To cope up with fast paced of industry development and to sustain the market demands the research and development of the Philippine coconut industry shifted its focus on 1) product development of functional foods and 2) efficacy studies on its beneficial effects to human health and nutrition. Emphasis was given... read more

New Technologies On The Production Of Virgin Coconut Oil And Their Applicability To Integrated Coconut Processing Modules

The increasing number of published books, literatures, results of medical researches and internet information extolling the beneficial effects of coconut oil to the human body led to the development of a “niche” and very high value market for a special type of coconut oil which is processed differently from the... read more

Empowering Smallholder Communities With Virgin Coconut Oil Production - “Bringing Hope”

The idyllic image of a pristine South Pacific is being tarnished by governance, environmental and trade issues. Coconut is an abundant resource in the islands, but it is increasingly being viewed simply as a subsistence crop since farmers are less and less willing to produce copra for industrial extraction of... read more

Potential For Virgin Coconut Oil In The Global Market

The global market trend is changing, nearly 49% of consumers around that world are thinking there are overweight and trying to lose weight. They are seeking to the healthful-food choices with help from food and beverage producer. “There is the opportunities of food manufacturer and retailer to lead a healthy... read more

The Right Technology To Process Quality Virgin Coconut Oil For The Global Market

While the copra based coconut oil has been in existence for more than a century now, its high quality version, virgin coconut oil (VCO) was only introduced in the world market at the start of 21st century. From the time it entered the commercial market up to the present, VCO... read more

The Effects Of Virgin Coconut Oil On Fasting Serum Glucose, Insulin, Ketone And Tri-Glyceride Concentrations Among Indonesia Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetics

Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by high blood glucose due to insulin resistence. Dietary regimen is one important component of diabetic management. Virgin coconut oil (VCO), a source of medium chain fatty acid, has been postulated to improve blood glucose and lipid profile of non-insulin dependent diabetics, due to... read more

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Substitution For The Production Of Ice Cream And Fruit Flavored VCO-emulsion

Although Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has been included in the list of foods that are considered safe to consume by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), many consumers are still reluctant to consume it. They may think that VCO cannot instantly recover their illnesses unlike chemical medicines which can... read more

Coconut Comeback – A Sea Change? Innovation To Realiase The Potential Of Virgin Coconut Oil

C oconut Comeback’ was the title of the awardwinning Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s documentary in their Landline TV program aired in mid-July 2015. It told the story of the work of Kokonut Pacific in the Solomon Islands. The fundamental question posed in the title is whether this successful venture in the... read more

Nurturing a Rural Community by Introducing Coconut Sap Sugar Technology in a Philippines Remote Location

The farm level technology of processing coconut sap sugar from toddy is a social enterprise which created a significant change in the livelihood of the people dependent on the coconut trees in Aroman, Carmen, North Cotabato. Technical skills acquired through training, appropriate facilities, capital and access to market are the... read more

Changes in Soluble Sugars, Sugar Profile, Starch and Proline in Developing Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Inflorescences

 

Changes in soluble sugars, sugars profile, starch and proline levels in inflorescence rachillae from individual coconut palms were investigated during inflorescence development with the aim of determining a possible correlation between these characters and morphogenic potential of inflorescence tissues. Rachillae for analysis were collected from unopened inflorescences of -1... read more

ON-FARM PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF SELECTED COCONUT SAP-BASED NATURAL AND NUTRITIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS FROM SCTNP SCHEME

The processing of coconut sap produced from  the sequential coconut toddy and nut production (SCTNP) scheme  was conducted at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Zamboanga Research Center, San Ramon, Zamboanga City from 1997 and 1999-2001 to determine their  acceptability to local community members and evaluate their economic profitability.

The processing... read more

Preliminary Investigation of The Potential of Coconut Sugar Production Using Dwarf Varieties

Coconut sugar is one of the high economic value products. The production of coconut sugar In Indonesia is about 300,000 tonnes/year. During the last few years, the supply of raw materials for the coconut sugar product has diminished due to stagnant production caused by the lack of coconut climbers collecting... read more

Banyumas Regency- The Biggest Coconut Sugar Producer In Indonesia

Coconut Sugar has gained popularity among health conscious consumers especially in the US, EU, Japan and Australia since the last few years as it is considered healthier than table sugar. According to the Philippine Department of Agriculture Coconut sugar has glycemic index (GI) of 35 which is lower than that... read more

A Coconut Sugar – Processing, Nutritional Composition And Health Benefits

Coconut sugar (also known as coco sugar, coconut palm sugar or coco sap sugar) is derived from the sap of cut flower buds of the coconut palm, is an organic sustainable natural sweetener. This sugar has a low glycemic index and is also a nutrient powerhouse, filled with lots of... read more

Technology Corner : Moulded Coconut Sugar From Fresh Coconut Sap

C o co n u t sugar is derived from th e co c o n u t (Cocos nucifera L ). S ugar can also be derived from o th e r palm s like Arenga pinnata, Borassus fla b eliver and N ipa fructicons. S ince coconut has... read more

Update On Research & Development Related To Health Benefits Of Coconut Oil , Coconut Sugar And Coconut Water Consumption

Mr. Chairman, Distinguished Invitees, Ladies and Gentlemen, I would like to thank the Organising Committee of The APCC for having invited me to deliver an update on the R & D aspects related health benefits of Coconut Oil, Coconut Sugar and Coconut Water consumption

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Manufacture Of Coconut Sugar As A Cottage Industry

Indonesia has the largest coconut planta4ion in the world. At present coconut is the 2 n most important commodity after rice. Coconut production has been increasing due to the increase of the area of its plantation. The increase of coconut production is in contradiction with the decrease of the demand... read more

Preparation Of Bakery Products Using Coconut Flour And Glycemic Response On Normal Healthy Adults

Bakery products are ideal foods through which nutrition can be delivered to the consumers in an acceptable form. The feasibility of incorporating coconut flour in bakery products has been studied. Four recipes namely; biscuit, wheat bread, pizza base and puff pastry were formulated using 10%, 20% and 30% levels of... read more

The Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Water

Jean W. H. Yong, Liya Ge, Yan Fei Ng and Swee Ngin Tan * Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616 Singapore

Coconut water (coconut liquid endosperm), with its many applications, is one of the world’s most versatile natural product. This refreshing beverage... read more

Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Neera: A Naturally Fermenting Coconut Palm Nectar

Probiotic bacteria were isolated from different traditional fermented foods as there are several such foods that are not well explored for their probiotic activities. Hence, the present study was conducted to find the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as probiotics that were isolated from the sap extract of the... read more

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sap as a potential source of sugar: Antioxidant and nutritional properties

This study was carried out to compare the antioxidant and nutritional properties of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) sap with other natural sources of sugar such as sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Coconut sap and juice from sugar palm and sugarcane were analyzed for proximate composition, pH and total... read more

Preparation and Quality Assessment of Yoghurt Prepared from Dairy Milk and Coconut (Cocos nucifera, L) Milk

Author: S. R. Priya

Yoghurt was produced using dairy and coconut milk. Five variants of yoghurt namely plain dairy and coconut yoghurt (variant I), dairy and coconut yoghurt with natural grape pulp (variant II), dairy and coconut yoghurt with synthetic grape flavour (variant III), dairy and coconut... read more

Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of Defatted Coconut Flour Incorporated Biscuits

Author: H. P. D. T. Hewa Pathirana, W. M. K. Lakdusinghe, L. L. W. C. Yalegama, C. A. T. D. Chandrapeli & J. A .D. Madusanka

Defatted coconut kernel is the major by-product of the dry method of virgin coconut oil (VCO) processing which includes high fiber content. It is ground into a... read more

Integration of In Silico and In Vitro Approach to Reveal the Anticancer Efficacy of Virgin Coconut Oil

Author: Babita Pruseth, Silvi Banerjee & Amit Ghosh

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has antioxidant properties and is being increasingly used as nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. It also has a long history of ethnopharmacological use. Anticancer effect of VCO has been reported in several articles. The main bottleneck of exploring the anticancer efficacy... read more

Study on Fatty Acid Composition and Amino Acid Content of Coconut Endosperm of Selected Coconut Cultivars in Thailand

Author: Wilaiwan Twishsri

The nutritive values of tropical fruits like coconut are of interest to consumers and useful for the breeding program. The two experiments were carried out in Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The first experiment aimed to determine the essential and non-essential amino acid content of... read more

Design and Development of Semi-Direct Copra Dryer for Flat Terrain

Author: Mencius B. Lesidan

The study was conducted to design and develop a semi-direct dryer for flat terrain. This dryer was designed to provide farmers an alternative to traditional and existing dryers particularly the semi-direct and indirect dryers. The components of the dryer were drying bed, plenum chamber, tunnel... read more

Market Level Price Analysis of Copra Trading in the Philippines

Author : Susan M. Rivera & Flordeliza A. Lantican

The dynamics in market level prices was examined for Philippine copra trading. The analysis of the price formation process in the copra miller-dealer-farmer markets showed that a weak form of market integration characterized the trading of copra resecada between dealers... read more

Processing of Virgin Coconut Oil in Sri Lanka Using Cold Extraction Method: An Economic Analysis

Author : Pathiraja, P.M.E.K, Fernando, M.T.N and Jayasundera, J.M.M.A

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a newly introduced product in Sri Lanka with a high export market potential. Only a few entrepreneurs however, are capitalizing on this opportunity due to several factors such as lack of rigorous economic analyses and unavailability of information... read more

Optimization of Aqueous Extraction of Virgin Coconut Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

The present investigation deals with optimization of aqueous extraction process for maximum yield of virgin coconut oil (VCO) from coconut milk extracted from coconut meat.  Optimization of the process parameters including dilution ratio (w/w), grinding time (min), temperature (°C), cream separation time (hour) and pH was analyzed using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT)... read more

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